Course guide of Fundamentals of Astrophysics (26711B1)

It is recommended to have followed the courses:

Física General I and Física General II

Recommendations:

When utilizing AI tools for this course, students are expected to adopt an ethical and responsible approach. The recommendations outlined in the "Recommendations for the Use of Artificial Intelligence at the UGR" document, available at this link: https://ceprud.ugr.es/formacion-tic/inteligencia-artificial/recomendaciones-ia#contenido0, must be followed.

• Positional Astronomy
• Astronomical instruments
• Solar System
• Stars
• Galaxies
• Cosmology

• Understanding of the general concepts of Astrophysics

• Ability to apply knowledge from other disciplines to solve astrophysical problems.

• Understanding the universality of physical laws obtained on earth.

• Understanding the space-time concept in the universe.

• Knowledge of basic observational techniques in Astrophysics.

THEORETICAL CONTENTS:

Block 1: Introduction

• Chapter 0. History of Astronomy and general techniques: History of Astronomy. Distances in Astronomy. Time in Astronomy. Information sources in Astrophysics.
• Chapter 1. Positional Astronomy: Basic concepts (celestial sphere: principal circles and points on the sphere). Astronomical coordinate systems. Perturbations of coordinates: precession and nutation. Parallax.
• Chapter 2. Properties of electromagnetic waves and its measurement: Light. Electromagnetic spectum. Basic photometric concepts. Radiation mechanisms: Atomic and molecular spectral lines, blackbody.
• Chapter 3. Astronomical Instruments: Observing through the atmosphere. Optical Telescopes. Detectors. Radiotelescopes. Other wavelengths.

Block 2: Solar system

• Chapter 4. General properties of the solar system: Components and structure. Kepler Laws. Escape velocity.
• Chapter 5. Planets, satellites, asteroids and comets: What is a planet?. Thermal radiation. Albedo. Magnetic Field. Kuiper belt and Trans Neptunian Objects.
• Chapter 6. Formation of the solar system: Observational fatcs and theories. Exoplanets.

Block 3: Stars

• Chapter 7. Stellar structure: Internal equilibrium conditions. Physical state of gas. Energy production in stars. The sun.
• Chapter 8. Stellar observations: Temperature of stars. Stellar spectra. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Binary stars. Variable stars.
• Chapter 9. Stellar evolution: The birth of stars. Proto-stars. The main sequence. Giant stars. The death of stars. Neutron stars, pulsars and black holes.

Block 4: Galaxies

• Chapter 10. The Milky Way: Interestellar medium. Star clusters. Structure of The Galaxy. Galactic Dynamics. Rotation curve. Spirale arms. Galactic center.
• Chapter 11. Galaxies: General properties: Hubble classification. Distances to galaxies. Active galaxies. Galaxy groups and clusters. Formation and evolution of galaxies.

Block 5: Cosmology

• Chapter 12. Cosmology: Basic notions of Cosmology

Seminars/Tutorials
• Seminars on topics related to contents of the course of particular interest but which cannot be treated in depth during the lectures.
• Discussions/Debates on news related to Astronomy. A critical view to astronomy related news on the mass media.

Laboratory Sessions: These sessions were created as a Innovative Teaching Project of the UGR: “Using a virtual planetarium for teaching Astronomy”.

Attendance to the 9 Laboratory practical sessions is mandatory to pass the course.

Practice 1. Positional Astronomy. The celestial sphere.

Practice 2. Measuring distances and masses in the Solar System: Kepler’s Third Law

Practice 3. Estimate of the mass of a spiral galaxy.

Other extra practices can be introduced to help students acquiring the main competences.

Outside practice sessions:

Astronomical observation with telescopes.

• Battaner, E.: “Introducción a la Astrofísica”. Ciencia y Tecnología, Alianza Editorial.
• Battaner, E., Florido, E.: “100 Problemas de Astrofísica”, Alianza Editorial
• Karttunen, H., Kroger, P., Oja, H., Poutanen, M., Donner, K.J.: “Fundamental Astronomy. Springer-Verlag
• Lara, L.: “Introducción a la Física del Cosmos”. Editorial Universidad de Granada
• Seeds, M.A.: “Foundations of Astronomy”. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
• Shu, F.H.: “The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy”. University Science Books.

• Carroll, B.W., Ostlie, D.A.: “An introduction to Modern Astrophysics”. Addison-Wesley Publising Company
• Ünsold, A., Baschek, B: “The New Cosmos”. Springer-Verlag.
• Zeilik, M.: “Astronomy. The Evolving Universe”. Cambridge University Press.

• Astronomy Picture of the Day: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
• Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía: http://www.iaa.es/divulgacion/
• Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias: http://www.iac.es/divulgacion.php
• Sociedad Española de Astronomía: http://www.sea-astronomia.es/

• MD01. Theoretical classes

The student assessment will take into account the realization of seminars, the work in problem solving and practical sessions and, of course, the tests. The students have to show the skills/competences acquired during the course.

The course could only be passed by an average knowledge of all the content covered by the subject.

• Exam: 65%

• Seminars/problems/tests/class attendance/attitude: 15%

• Practical sessions: 20%

  Attendance to the practical sessions, and a score above 5 in the practical sessions is a necessary condition to pass the course.

• The final exam will have two parts. To pass the exam, the score of each part must be above 4 over 10 with an average score equal to or above 5.

Assessment Due to Incidents: Students who are unable to attend final assessment exams (ordinary, extraordinary and single final) or officially scheduled evaluations outlined in the Course Guide may request special assessment due to extenuating circumstances. This is permissible under the conditions specified in Article 9 of the University of Granada's Regulations on Student Assessment and Grading, and must follow the procedure detailed therein.

The extraordinary assessment session will consist of the same tests/exams as the Single final assessment (see below). This will allow the student to obtain 100% of the total possible score.

In accordance with the UGR's Regulations on Student Assessment and Grading, a single final assessment is available for students who are unable to participate in the continuous assessment method due to any of the reasons stipulated in Article 8. To opt for this single final assessment, students must submit a request via the electronic portal within the first two weeks of the course's instruction, or within two weeks following their enrollment if it occurs later. Exceptions may be made for overriding unforeseen circumstances that arise after these initial periods. The request must clearly state and provide evidence for the reasons preventing their participation in the continuous assessment system. The students twill make a test covering the theory and problem solving contents, and a practical test in the laboratory. Passing the laboratory test is mandatory to pass the course. The theory and problem solving test will have a weight of 80% of the final score, and the laboratory practical test 20% of the final score. The final theory/problems exam will have two parts. To pass the exam, the score of each part must be above 4 over 10 with an average score equal to or above 5.

Students with Specific Educational Support Needs (SESN) Following the recommendations from the CRUE and the UGR's Secretariat for Inclusion and Diversity, the systems for acquiring and assessing competencies outlined in this teaching guide will be applied in accordance with the principle of universal design. This approach aims to facilitate learning and the demonstration of knowledge, aligning with the needs and functional diversity of the student body. Teaching methodology and assessment will be adapted for students with SESN, in line with Article 11 of the UGR's Regulations on Student Assessment and Grading, published in the Official Bulletin of the UGR No. 112, dated November 9, 2016. UGR Inclusion and Diversity For students with disabilities or other SESN, the tutoring system must be adapted to their needs, in accordance with the UGR's Inclusion Unit recommendations. Departments and Centers must establish appropriate measures to ensure that tutoring sessions are held in accessible locations. Furthermore, faculty may request support from the University's competent unit when special methodological adaptations are required.

Información de interés para estudiantado con discapacidad y/o Necesidades Específicas de Apoyo Educativo (NEAE): Gestión de servicios y apoyos (https://ve.ugr.es/servicios/atencion-social/estudiantes-con-discapacidad).

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