Course guide of Solid-State Physics (2671141)

It is recommended to have taken Classical Mechanics, Electromagnetism, Statistical Physics, Physics Quantum Physics

In the case of using AI tools for the development of the subject, the student must adopt an ethical and responsible use of them. The recommendations contained in the document “Recommendations for the use of artificial intelligence in the UGR” published in this location: https://ceprud.ugr.es/formacion-tic/inteligencia-artificial/recomendaciones-ia#contenido0 must be followed.

Crystal structure of solids

Description of radiation-crystal interaction

Phonons

Thermal properties of solids

Electronic states

Band structure. Transport properties

Cooperative phenomena. Superconductivity

• Knowledge of the structure of solids, with special attention to their translational and point symmetries. Spatial view of periodic structures
• Understanding the basic notions of scattering or dispersion of radiation by an ordered solid. X-ray, electron and neutron techniques.
• Notions of structure determination methods.
• Understanding the phenomenology of lattice vibrations as an essential aspect of the Physics of Solids.
• From Classical Mechanics of oscillations and waves to waves in periodic media.
• An essential step: quantum formulation and the concept of phonon.
• Scattering is not always elastic: Experimental determination of the phonon spectrum.
• Energy of lattice vibrations: heat capacity of solids.
• Electrons as charge transport particles in solids. Classical theory: Drude's model.
• Understanding the importance of the Pauli principle: Sommerfeld model of the free electron gas.
• The notion of the band as an essential tool in the description of electronic structure.
• Applications: knowledge of the basic mechanisms of electrical and thermal conduction,
• Hall effect and thermoelectric phenomena.
• Basic knowledge of magnetism in matter.
• Superconductivity: experimental facts and models

Chapter 0. Introduction

1. Purpose and definition of Solid State Physics
2. Brief history of its development
3. Interest and need for its study

Chapter 1. Crystalline structure of solids

1. Translational symmetry: lattice and structure
2. Base and cell. Primitive cell
3. Classification of crystal lattices
4. Reciprocal lattice
5. Positions in the crystal. Miller indices
6. Brillouin zones
7. Examples of crystal structures
8. Bragg equation

Chapter 2. Phonons. Thermal properties of solids

1. Introduction
2. Vibrations of a linear monoatomic lattice. Dispersion
3. Vibrations of a three-dimensional lattice with monoatomic base. Normal modes
4. Vibrations of diatomic linear lattices: acoustic and optical branches
5. Quantization and phonons
6. Inelastic scattering of neutrons by phonons
7. Inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation
8. Specific heat of the lattice: Born and von Karman's model

Chapter 3. Electronic structure of solids

1. Experimental characteristics and the free electron model.
2. Energy levels and density of states.
3. Fermi-Dirac distribution. Fermi energy
4. Limitations of the free electron model
5. Independent electrons: Bloch theorem and energy bands
6. Band calculation models
7. Examples of band structure. Conductors, insulators, semiconductors

Chapter 4. Transport phenomena in solids

1. Introduction
2. Transport phenomena in the free electron gas. Drude's model
3. Electron dynamics in the lattice: semiclassical model.
4. Effective mass. Holes

Chapter 5. Superconductivity

1. Introduction. The phenomenon of superconductivity
2. Thermodynamic properties. London equations. Penetration length
3. Ginzburg-Landau model
4. Microscopic theory: BCS
5. Tunnel currents and Josephson effects
6. High-temperature superconductivity

Lab 1. X-ray diffraction

Lab 2. Phonons in a crystal lattice. Laboratory demonstration using electrical analogies

Lab 3. Superconductivity

Lab 4.Electron diffraction

Lab 5. Nuclear magnetic resonance

Lab 6. Photoconductivity

Lab 7. Hall effect in semiconductors

Lab 8. Hall effect in metals

Lab 9. Determination of the bandgap of germanium

Lab 10. Effect of temperature on the conductivity of metals

Lab 11. Electrical and thermal conductivity of metals

Intermediate-level textbooks:

*N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, HRW Int. Eds., Philadelphia, 1981

*J.S. Blakemore, Solid State Physics, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1974

*G. Burns, Solid State Physics, Academic Press, Boston, 1990

*A.J. Dekker, Solid State Physics, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1965.

*R.P. Huebener, Conductors, Semiconductors, Superconductors. An Introduction to Solid State Physics. Springer, Cham, 2016.

*H. Ibach, H. Lüth, Solid-State Physics. An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science, Springer, Dordrecht, 2009

*C. Kittel, P. McEuen, Introduction to solid state physics, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2005.

*S.H. Simon, The Oxford Solid State Basics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013

Problems:

*F. Han, Problems in solid state physics with solutions, World Scientific, N. Jersey, 2012.

*L. Mihály, M.C. Martin, Solid state physics: problems and solutions, Wiley, N. York, 1996.

• https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/8-231-physics-of-solids-i-fall-2006/download/
• https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-730-physics-for-solid-state-applications-spring-2003/
• http://www.physics.udel.edu/~bnikolic/teaching/phys624/lectures.html
• https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/8-512-theory-of-solids-ii-spring-2009/
• http://www.xtal.iqfr.csic.es/Cristalografia
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBo9qRtA83k

• MD01. Theoretical classes

Continuous assessment. Assessment will be based on exams, in which students will have to demonstrate the competences acquired and laboratory experiments. The overall passing of the subject will not be achieved without a uniform and balanced knowledge of the whole subject.

Assessment will be based on the marks obtained in the following activities:
1. Theory and problems exam with the contents of the subject. This exam will contribute 70% of the final mark. A minimum mark of 5 points out of 10 in this activity is required to pass the course.
2. Laboratory practice reports: The laboratory reports contribute 15% to the final mark. Attendance to all laboratory sessions is mandatory.
3. Written test of Topics 1 and 2. This test will contribute 15% to the final mark.

Assessment by incidents: Students who cannot attend the final assessment tests or those scheduled in the Teaching Guide with an official date, due to any of the circumstances listed in article 9 of the Regulations for the assessment and grading of students at the University of Granada, may request assessment by incidents, following the procedure indicated in the aforementioned regulations.

Assessment will be based on the marks obtained in the following activities:

1. Theory exam and problems. This exam will contribute 85% to the final mark. A minimum mark of 5 points out of 10 in this activity is required to pass the course.

2. Laboratory practice exam: 15%. Alternatively, the student may choose to have the mark obtained in the practical reports in the ordinary evaluation.

Assessment by incidents: Students who cannot attend the final assessment tests or those scheduled in the Teaching Guide with an official date, due to any of the circumstances listed in article 9 of the Regulations for the assessment and grading of students at the University of Granada, may request assessment by incidents, following the procedure indicated in the aforementioned regulations.

In accordance with the UGR Student Assessment and Grading Regulations, a single final assessment is envisaged for those students who cannot comply with the continuous assessment method for any of the reasons listed in Article 8. In order to take advantage of the single final assessment, the student, within the first two weeks of the course, or within the two weeks following their enrolment if this has occurred later, or later if there is a supervening cause, will request it through the electronic office, claiming and accrediting the reasons for not being able to follow the system of continuous assessment.
1. Theory and problems exam. This exam will contribute 85% of the final mark. A minimum mark of 5 points out of 10 is required to pass the course.
2. Laboratory practicals: This activity will contribute 15% to the final grade. In order to take this activity, you will have to carry out one of the experiments in the practical laboratory, selected at random from the whole practical programme. Afterwards, the student will have to present a report.

1. Students with specific educational support needs (SEN) Following the recommendations of the CRUE and the Secretariat of Inclusion and Diversity of the UGR, the systems of acquisition and assessment of competences included in this teaching guide will be applied according to the principle of design for all people, facilitating learning and the demonstration of knowledge according to the needs and functional diversity of the students. The teaching methodology and assessment will be adapted to students with SEN, in accordance with Article 11 of the Regulations on Evaluation and Grading of students of the UGR, published in the Official Bulletin of the UGR no. 112 of 9 November 2016.

2. Inclusion and Diversity of the UGR In the case of students with disabilities or other SEN, the tutorial system must be adapted to their needs, according to the recommendations of the Inclusion Unit of the UGR, proceeding the Departments and Centres to establish the appropriate measures so that the tutorials are carried out in accessible places. Likewise, at the request of of the teaching staff, support may be requested from the competent unit of the University in the case of special methodological adaptations. Information of interest for students with disabilities and/or Specific Educational Support Needs (SEN): Service management (https://ve.ugr.es/servicios/atencion-social/estudiantes-con-discapacidad).

3. On laboratory practices. The student will receive, at the beginning of the course, information about the Safety Regulations and the correct development of the practicals. The document will be available on the PRADO platform of the subject. This document must be read and applied during the development of the practicals, non-compliance with it by the student exempts the lecturer who teaches the practicals and the department where they are carried out from any responsibility. Information of interest for students with disabilities and/or Specific Educational Support Needs (SEN): Management of services and support (https://ve.ugr.es/servicios/atencionsocial/
students-with-disabilities).

Información de interés para estudiantado con discapacidad y/o Necesidades Específicas de Apoyo Educativo (NEAE): Gestión de servicios y apoyos (https://ve.ugr.es/servicios/atencion-social/estudiantes-con-discapacidad).