In 2018, the EPS commissioned an independent economic analysis from the Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) on the importance of physics to the economies of Europe. The report, using statistics available in the public domain through Eurostat, covers 31 European countries – the EU28 countries, plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Under examination is the 6-year period 2011-2016, 2016 being the most recent year for which official data are simultaneously available for all these countries.